Section 7: Principal offenders

When an offence is committed, each of the following persons is deemed to have taken
part in committing the offence and to be guilty of the offence, and may be charged
with actually committing it‐
(a) every person who actually does the act or makes the omission which constitutes
the offence;
(b) every person who does or omits to do any act for the purpose of enabling or aiding
another person to commit the offence;
(c) every person who aids another person in committing the offence;
(d) any person who counsels or procures any other person to commit the offence.
In the fourth case, he may be charged either with himself committing the offence or
with counselling or procuring its commission.
A conviction of counselling or procuring the commission of an offence entails the same
consequences in all respects as a conviction of committing the offence.
Any person who procures another to do or omit to do any act of such a nature that, if
he had himself done the act or made the omission, that act or omission would have
constituted an offence on his part, is guilty of an offence of the same kind, and is liable
to the same punishment, as if he had himself done the act or made the omission; and
he may be charged with himself doing the act or making the omission.